UNIT
3
THREE
WORLDS IN ONE
(Writing
a classification Essay)
Some
reflections on the Technology of Eating
By
Bryce Nelson
Summery
The entire
world is divided into three parts as finger-feeders, fork-feeders and chopstick
feeders. There is no clear answer to why world people are in these categories.
Still each group of people thinks their style of eating is better than others.
The writer says fingers –feeders are normally found in Africa, the Middle East,
Indonesia and the Indian subcontinent. Similarly majority of fork feeders are
found in Europe and North America, and the chopstick-feeders are found in the
most of eastern Asia.
At the beginning there
were only fingers-feeders and fork feeders chopstick- feeders came later to eat
hot food, items comfortably. The writer says Chinese started to use chopsticks
from 1200 BC. Fork- also appeared in western culture many years later. At first
western high class and rich people could have meal with forks? Some reputed
person like Queen Elizabeth I, Louis XIV used fingers not forks. In the name of
discipline and responsibility British heavy sailors were not allowed to use
forks, Knives, etc. up to 1897. When western ruling power collapsed. People
started to eat with fingers but in public gatherings and meeting with reputed
people they use a forks as well finger-feeding system revived after the end of
western imperialism. The fork became status marker because it used to give
different identity to them.
In this chapter the
writer has presented different researches of different people and general
division of people on the basis of having food. Among the categories they do
have their histories, evolution and present status. Now there seem some mixed
categories of people who use more than one style according to the changeable
situations. Even then every category of people has their own ethics, cultural
values, history and traditions along with the advantages.
a) Think about the lives of people
who live in countries where the main sources of income are industry o
technology. How are their lives different from the lives of the people in
societies that are predominantly agricultural?
There are obviously different types
of lives of people who live in countries with industries and technologies and
the countries where agriculture is the main source of living. Having
industries, technological devices may create great chances for job so that
people are engaged in various. Industries and technologies except agriculture.
There is no family intimacy,
understanding and co-operation among family members and the relatives because
of money-minded concept and business there is threat of unemployment because of
technological development because, most of human works are
done by technological process is mechanical and routinized life in the
industrial countries and people think material collection is a sign of progress.
There is comfortable and luxurious life of people due to technologies yet there
is great challenge of nuclear weapons war violence and power exercises.
Before the beginning of industrial
would almost all people were living in the countries with agricultures. More or
less people of agricultural areas produce their food items themselves. They
fully depend on their traditional and nonscientific methods of doing agriculture.
They do hard labor and get less return. Farms, forest. Herbs and water sources
are the main places to those peoples survival. They are sometimes, devoid of modern
technological devices, comforts and facilities. Though poor and traditional the
agricultural societies are living the facilities life of cooperation,
understanding, unity, Love and attachment. A true taste of humanity can be felt
in such societies.
There is a vast gap between rich and
poor and people of plenty possibilities and people with having nothing. There
must be bridge between these two types of societies, so that there must be
interconnection and balanced developments.
b. Think about the way food is
categorized and arranged in a supermarket. Whoop benefits from the existence of
these categories? How? What reasons might a store manager have?
A place where a customer can purchase
everything is a supermarket …………… In other words supermarket is also a
self-service store house with different verities of goods, foods, etc. There
can be categories of rice items, dried food items, vegetable items liquid
items, baby foods, clothes items, etc. There is up to date freshness in keeping
the items that draws the attention of the costumers.
When there are clear categories in
the supermarket. qstdmers
are eager to buy the items comfortably. There is the benefit to the costumers
as well as to the manager from the system of supermarket. Customers can find
the required goods easily without any delay. They can collect all needed goods
into mobile …….basket. The different categories save the time and labor for the
costumers. On the other hand manager or owner of supermarket is also benefited
from this system. There is much attraction of costumers so that there is great
chance of high income
Though goods are little bit expensive
in the supermarket, there is great chance to get fresh foods, goods and all
needed items in the same places. Supermarket should be very much attractive to
perform goods attractively so there will be good business as well. The manager
remarks that everything is made for the service of costumers, there is the aim
of earning behind this. With their less both sides are benefited from the
supermarket management. For the busy people and shortage of time in visiting
different places but have the hobby of marketing will get benefited from the supermarket.
c) Write a five-paragraph
classification essay about the way the world is divided today or has been
divided through history. You may use one of the categories found in the
exercises one think of one of your own.
A Block Diagram of a Five-paragraph
Classification Essay:
|
Introduction
Set to be classified
categories
Thesis statement
|
|
Body-Paragraph 1
Topic
sentence
Details+Examples
|
|
Body-Paragraph 2
Topic
sentence
Details+Examples
|
|
Body-Paragraph 3
Topic
sentence
Details+Examples
|
|
Conclusion
Restatement
of thesis
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Characters and Personality
Character is
a measuring tools for the personality o any person. What a person does and what
actions he is involved in becomes a subject of character. Character is the
basis way why judging personality. In general almost all human beings are
included in the umbrella of these categories of characters. They are people
with good Characters (PGCs), People with Bad characters (PBCs). People with
Both Characters (PCBs) Particular attitudes and natures are noticed along with
personality in a person in accordance with these categories of character.
Normally,
People with Good Characters (PGCs) are kind hearted, optimistic, punctual,
helpful, co-operative and so on. They are altruist and follower of rules and
regulations. Such people try to be successful by creating some noble deeds.
Such type of people are always welcomed by any society and the nation. Such
people are not as carefree and one-sided as the next group.
Next group
of people who are remix by their characters fall under this section. They have
both semi-good and semi-bad characters so they become opportunists as well.
They are flexible because in any time they can be good from bad or vice versa.
Their character is determined by good or bad motive. These people are elusive
by nature because they are not permanent in characters and very much difficult
to identify.
On the basis
of specific qualities we can categories and identity the personality of any
person. The characters and behaviors become opportunists the measuring tools
for the different personalities. So, broadly, all the characters and
personalities of the people can be included into three categories people with
purely good characters with bad characters and with the mélange of both good
and bad characters.
d. Write
an essay about different types of families consider nuclear families, extended
family and alternative families.
Type of
Families
Family is
the smallest unit of a society. A complete society is constructed when families
are united. As a social creature most of human beings live in the human is born
in the family, grown up and die in the family. A group of people living
together constitutes a family. Normally, families can be divided into three
categories nuclear, extended and alternative families with their specific
structures along with varied features.
The first
category, the nuclear family is the composition of husband wife and their
children family is the n. This structure of family is the traditional type of
family as well. There is good affection and love to children from parents and
respect and dedication of children to their parents. Marriage and blood are two
basic components that construct nuclear family. Children depend upon their
parents for financial supports, love and care. Most of the western people are
living in nuclear families, which is totally different from the next category.
Extended
family is the next category of a family which is constructed with married
children and their children are living with their parents. There is the
combination of three generations-grandparents, children (Parents) and
grandchildren. We can see the love, affection and relation of aunt, uncle,
cousins, and grandparents in such families. Extended family is also called the
largest from of family which is popular in Asian and African societies. There is
ethics of respect, love sharing caring and up bringing among the family
members. Sometimes love of grandparents to their grandchildren is deeper than
their own parents. This type of family is different from next category in
various ways.
Besides
nuclear and extended families there is the next category of family that is
alternative. With the development of globalization and new cultural
developments there occur new patterns of families other than traditional ones.
The alternative family, has various conditions to be so. Some married couple
don't make children, some live together but don't get married, some parents
raise their adopted children, there can be a single parent family etc. All
these types of family categories fall under the alternative type. The love,
sharing, work, relation of family members in alternative family are totally
different from other categories.
The members
of families of any categories can have special features and relation. There is
parental care, love supports and children do respect and honor instead. Among
the members of the unity there must be harmony, happiness, understanding and
many more which is different in different types of families. Through there
can't be any absolute relation and features among different types of families
there are not into identical features either.
e) Write
a classification essay about different types of government-monarchy democracy
and dictatorship.
Government
in the Words
A system of
ruling or law is called governance and the agency that conducts such law or
ruling is called the government. On the basis of who makes the decision, there
can be three types of government. Governmental system can be categorized into
three groups as monarchy, democracy and dictatorship. How people are involved
in making rule is determined by these three categories of ruling systems.
In the
monarchial governmental system, a single person becomes the head of the state
and he was born in ruling family. The ruling system becomes hereditary. King,
Queen Emperor etc. are some examples of monarch that had great power in the
past. Nowadays the strong legitimacy of king is slowly dimming. According to
personal desire and conscience a single person rules over the subjects. All the
people should respect the ruler. Queen Elizabeth II can be taken as an example
of monarch. This ruling system is quite dissimilar from next category.
A democracy
is a type of government, which is ruled by people, of people and for people. People
are free to select their leaders and these leaders and these leaders take part
in formation of the government to rule. They are the persons who make laws and
constitutions. The most powerful rulers become the common people because they
have right whom to select for sending to the government. To rule. They are the
persons who make laws and constitutions. The most powerful rulers become the
common people because they have right whom to select for sending to the
government. Parliamentary system is the democratic system of governance, which
is totally different from next type of government, which is called
dictatorship.
When a few
people or a single person holds all power and rulers according to personal
will. It is dictatorship. Dictators are not elected by people rather by any
force or trick they have come into power. Common people don't get freedom of
speech, press, live and do human rights activities freely. Dictators are ever
ready to make systems and rules according to their benefits not the welfare of
subjects and the country.
Government
can't always be good to the people because in all forms of good governments
people are not free to do works and live happy life. Among the categories
democratic system and government is the best and final option of governance. In
this government people are living their life with full rights, justices, and
freedom and individual choices. Such occasion cannot be possible in other
patterns of governments.
f) Write an essay in which you explore the
possible ways of dividing the students in a school. Which of these ways do you
think might work best? Which are clearly discriminatory or unfair? Or
How are
the students in your school system classified? Do you think this system works
well? In what other ways can students be classified? Will these types of
classification work better? Will any of them be unfair?
Students are
classified in different ways in school. Traditionally the classification of
students in the school in on the basis of gender and keep in different
sections. This means girls are kept in a single row and boys are in next row.
It is considered illegal to keep boys and girls together. This is bad
classification. For the perfect teaching learning process there can be
different options of classification.
The students
in the school can be classified on the basis of caste, sex, subject, skills,
skin, physical ability, etc. Among them some are productive where as some are
harmful. If we categorize the students according to their learning capacity,
skills, talent in curricular and extracurricular activities. This is better.
But if the students are classified on the basis of caste, religion, skin colors,
economic background that is unfair as well as illegal classification. We have
to think a lot about students' psychology that how they can do better in
teaching learning activities. They are categorized on the wrong bases, there is
question of superiority and inferiority and inferiority. There can be
inferiority complex to those low income or lower caste students. Again, those
higher caste and rich students will be proud on money and as the respected
castes. This is totally unfair system of classification of the students in the
school.
Thus, the
classification can best be productive if it is done on the basis of attentiveness,
regularity, score in the exam, discipline and mannered etc. If other partial
Procedures are applied, that become injustice, harmful and non-productive. So
there must be scientific, psychological, intelligent and skill based techniques
to make the classification of students in the school.
Grammar
Section
a) Fill
in the blanks with a synonym of words in parenthesis from the list given.
|
chauvinism
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ethic
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globalization
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pride
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resurgence
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Shunned
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status maker
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In the past
decade or so, there has been a revival of interest in (1. culture based)
good. This (2. return) in popularity might be attributable to an
increase in ethnic (3. Sense of value) or to the fact that (Word
commerce) and advances in communication have led to an increase in interest
about other cultures. While being proud of one's native cuisine might once have
been regarded as a type of (5. negative nationalism), today it is not
only accepted, it is expected. Simple foods, like rice and beans or pad Thai
noodles, which Latinos and Thais once (6. Looked down on and avoided) as
peasant food have become increasingly popular. In fact, being knowledgeable
about the cuisine of other cultures in now seen as a trendy (7. indication
of social prestige) a sign that a
person is educated about and interested in other cultures.
Answer:
1. ethnic 2. Resurgence 3. Pride 4. Globalization 5.
Chauvinism
6. Shunned 7. Status maker
b)
Pronoun Referent:
The writer
uses pronoun to refer to previously mentioned noun, noun phrase, or idea. To refer
to singular noun the singular pronoun and to the plural noun plural pronoun is
used. One or ones, this or that, these or those, they etc. are pronouns
used to refer about the pronoun or noun phrase, etc.
Fill
in the blanks with the appropriate pronoun: this, that these, those, one or
ones, they etc.
I.
While people in the west favor bread as a
staple food ______in the east favor rice.
II.
Evening meals in Mediterranean countries
tend to be served later than _____in other countries.
III.
The subject of eating utensils is very
controversial and is _____ that is rife with chauvinism.
IV.
The food in the northern regions of India is
spicer than ______of the southern region.
V.
With improvements in communication and an
increase in globalization, there has also been an increase in the cultural
exchange of food, art, and design. _____ is one of the most welcomed by
products of globalization.
VI.
The subject of food always inspires a great
deal of discussion. ________ is probably because it is something everyone has
experience with.
Answer
|
I. those II. Those III. One IV. That V. this/it VI. This/ That
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c.
Edit the following passage replacing underlined nouns and noun phrases with
suitable pronouns (one/ones, these/those, this/that, they)
Europe
in the middle Ages
Some
historians focus on the topic of diet thorough time. They consider 1. Diet
an interesting way to examine the sociology and politics of past cultures. The
period of time called the Middle Ages, for example was 2. a period of time
in which people lived with the threat of famine. 3. Famine occurred
often enough that people usually had some degree of experience with it.
The
typical daily diet of the poor was very meager. 4. The typical diet of the
poor consisted primarily of dark bread made of rye flour. Soup, a few
vegetables and sometimes an egg.On festival days, there mightybe some meat in
their wooden bowls. 5. The meat in their wooden bowls came from the
animals that they raised themselves. At a rich man’s table, food was more
plentiful. Lords and rich town dwellers meals included plenty of meat. 6. Lords
and rich town dwellers mealswere eaten on metal plates. Because there was
no refrigeration, food had to be eaten quickly. Sometimes 7.The opportunity
to eat food quickly was not possible. To cover up any bad smell or taste, they
spiced old food with cinnamon, cardamom, nutmeg, and ginger. 8. Cinnamon,
cardamom, nutmeg, and ginger were brought back from the Orient by soldiers
and tradesmen.
In
the middle Ages, people didn’t eat with spoons and forks. 9. Spoons and
forks came into use later. Water usually came from nearby streams or
rivers. 10. The nearby streams and rivers were the same. 11. Nearby
streams and rivers that people used for doing laundry, bathing, and
watering animals.
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1. it/this
2. One 3. It/ This 4. It/ this 5. It/ This 6. They/ These 7. This/ It
8. These 9. These/ They 10. Ones
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