Unit One
PANDORA’S BOX
(Writing summary and response)
Human Cloning debate: Why do it? Why
do it? Who’d be hurt? Should it be Legal? Peter Kendall
Summary:-
Cloning is a technique of producing humans,
animals or plans without natural biological process. A sterile (who is unable
to give birth of child) father can make a biological child. When the cloning
was used in Scotland in a sheep it brought a debate. Whether cloning to human
to not. By this we can make exact photocopy of parent. Since when cloning was
possible in animals could be applied ion human or not. By this we can .Since when
cloning was possible in animals could be applied in human beings as well. Ethically
cloning is taken as morally wrong. There is a moral question that: Can cloning
to human a legal work?
The parent who are unable to have
natural child, without taking others eggs or sperm, can be parents of children
by using cloning system. There is an identity problem because all the products
look exactly the same. It is the time parents (people) make babies not are
babies using reproductive technology because a perfect baby can be made without
sexual intercourse between a couple. People can choose special qualities for
their children by cloning process.
The writer also argues that, there is
no moral questions or problems making a clone to bone marrow (damaged bone)
transplantation. Still if a baby is made from cloning there is a question on
quality because exact quality can't be reproduced. This is because we can't
make Abraham Lincoln taking genes from dried blood and skull. No doubt,
reproduction of animal or human can be made but that can't be of original
qualities. But some extinct species like dinosaurs and birds can be saved
through cloning process. Since there is similarities in physical and mental
structure of the products of cloning there can't be special extra quality and
no more different among people. The issue of cloning is still on debate where
and how it is useful and when and where can it be curse as well.
a) If human cloning becomes a
reality, how will it affect the future of society? For example, what role will
men have in society if they are no longer needed to reproduce?
Cloning is applied in animal and
possible to be used in human beings as well. Using cells we can create new
child without national reproductive system. If this is legally applied in human
all human being will be like chickens in a farm. A woman or a man can have
child exact like himself or herself by cloning. But there will be negative
effect of this technology. Parents will start to clone to their dying children
so there will be similar children. Cloned children may spoil our physical
identity and verities. All social patterns will be changed because almost all
people are with similar physical structures and types.
If cloning is applied what is the
reproductive value between husband and wife since they don't need to make
natural sex. In society there will be many criminal cases because it will be
very difficult to identify the criminals. There won't be talented and skilled
manpower because all the cloned products have similar abilities and skills.
They will be more or less similar lime the cabbage of the field. We won't have
this present of human existence any longer variety.
b) Is it acceptable to clone human
stem cells to save life or cure diseases?
Yes, it is obviously acceptable to
clone human stem cells to save life or cure diseases. This process will be
productive and I accept this. If this cloning system is used for changing cells,
to cure particular damaged parts or cells it is ok. The damaged cells are
replaced with the help of laboratory and high technological devices so that the
damaged parts and damaged parts and diseases can be cured. Human stem cells
should be used for they should not be used for the reproduction. If this device
is used for reproductive process, it will bring many more problems together.
There must be a complete ban for reproductive use of human stem cells but there
should be a legal provision for the therapeutically or medicinal use for curing
different diseases and damaged parts of human body.
c) What are the advantages and
disadvantages of genetically engineered plants?
After the discovery of cloning
technology and success in sheep like mammals there is challenging questions
whether it is used in cloning human for reproductive use or not. For the
implication in human reproductive process it is strongly questionable. But this
technology can be more productive in keeping the existence of going to be
extinct animals and plants. Actual or be original quality not be acquired in cloned
plants or animals but the species can be preserved.
Genetic engineering is a science that
works with transplantation of genes in term of producing new or mixed or
similar species. This technology seems more useful in plants. If we apply
cloning technology in plants, it will be less costly. Within less duration of
time we can have production. By natural growth it will take longer time but by
this technology within short time we can save extinct or perishing species of
plants. By this we can have more quantity of production that will help to
reduce food problem. But cloned plant has less be less use of chemical items.
We can produce healthier plants or food products so that consumers or farmers
will get benefited. But there is a chance of reduction in plant ability to
exist in new environment. Such types of plants or foods have social risk also.
So in term of saving the extinct
plants or species there are advantages of cloning whereas in other uses it will
be harmful as well.
Section for Writing Techniques
a) What is the brainstorming and what
are its Techniques?
Brainstorming is a process or a
technique of thinking about the topic or subject before writing about it
.Brainstorming helps the writer to create different arguments and supports for
the argument. This thinking about topic can be done various ways. Brainstorming
techniques very which are given below.
I.
Writing
the ideas about any subject without any order.
II.
Talking
about the topic with others.
III.
Making
a flow chart of main points.
IV.
Writing
a flow chart of ideas.
V.
Using
the combination of these topics, etc.
b) What is summary writing? And what
are its steps? Make a diagram as well.
A shortened cut down version of the
subject matter is called summary writing. It is written in writer's (who is
writing) words. Summary writing can be written about any topic lesson or even a
picture. Normally, summary includes the most important information but not out
personal feelings. What the subject is about and what writer (author) tries to
say is main part of summary writing.
There are three steps in writing
summary.
i) Topic sentences: Beginning of summary writing is starting with
a topic sentences which is the main focus of the summary. Where the ideas are
taken from and what is being said are in topic sentence.
ii) Body:- writing summary is organizing the
ideas or writing. This organization is called the body. There is a type of pattern of presentation.
iii) Concluding sentence:- The last part of writing summary
paragraph is a concluding sentence. Concluding sentence restates (says again)
the main focus of the whole writing.
The diagram of Summary is Like this.
Topic
Sentence
Topic
What is
being said about the topic?
Where
yours information is form?
Body
of Paragraph
Support
for topic
Paraphrased
information
Concluding
Sentence
Restatement
of topic sentence
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A. Sample summary on Human Cloning
Debate.
This excerpt occurred in "The
Chicago Tribune". The writer Peter Kendall is trying to explore some
of the positive and negative issues regarding cloning. Especially human
cloning. He has focused on the advantages and disadvantages or boon or curses
in adopting human cloning. Advantages in the sense that we have number of
production in a short period of time. Sterile parents can have a biological
child without sex. More importantly, the damaged parts of our body, extinct
animals and plants can be changed and preserved respectively with cloning
technology. He has also raised some moral question that human cloning will
spoil socio-cultural harmony. The identity in physical structures has almost
identical mental levels. Lack of special quality, impossibility of exact copy
of original. There will be problem to criminal investigation process. It will
bring big questions on biological charm in husband and wife relation since natural
sex to beget the child is no more required. In this lesson the writer has
illustrated and raised the issues of advantages and disadvantages of human
closing as is adopted like in plants and animals.
c. What is a response writing and
what are its steps? Show in a diagram as well.
Response writing is different from
summary writing. Your opinion is presented clearly about the topic in response
writing. While writing response you should be careful about the questions
like: How do I feel about this topic?
How can I support my opinion? Like the summary there are three steps in
response writing.
I.
Topic Sentence:-What you are responding to and how you feel about the subject is written
here.
II.
Body:- In the
body part of response you have to present ideas to support your opinion.
Opinion can be from the subject matter or from your experience.
III.
Concluding Sentence:-In this part of response writing you have retell your view or opinion
about the subject or topic given.
The Diagram of Response Writing
Topic
Sentence
What you
are responding to
How you
feel about topic
Body
of Paragraph
Support
for your opinion
Examples
Concluding
Sentence
Restatement
of your opinion
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A sample response writing on Cell
Phone
Among various modern science and
technological devices Cell Phone is one of the most useful and advantageous
items. That can have both positive as well as negative uses. I too agree that
cell phone can be useful in sending SMS, recording important numbers, voices,
picture, etc. More than this we can be in touch with the people and places all
around the world. Unfortunately, nothing can have only positive aspects in its
use. There are many more misuses of cell phone. Cell Phone consumes most
creative and important time.it makes people unnecessarily engaged doing rough
activities, exchanging rough pictures, SMS, etc. Among youth, mostly, Cell
Phone has developed a culture of violence and pornography. Thus, a cell phone
can both be a boon and curse in its uses. The user must be alert in achieving
multiple its uses. The user must be alert in achieving multiple advantages
selecting from tis ample disadvantages and misuses.
According to journalist George Seldes “all
great ideas are controversial or have been at one time”. How do you tell about
it? Write an essay in which you response to this quot.
Yes, I agree with the statement of
journalist George Seldes “all great ideas are controversial or have been at
time at one time”. Any society can’t accept any new ideas immediately. But after
a long time controversy such ideas can be accepted by the society and the
people. People easily accept the ideas that are common to their living
situation. Form the beginning of human history to the present there have been many
more such controversial ideas.
Socrates was teaching about
philosophy of life, death, truth and life. The then rulers rejected his ideas
and he killed. Galileo told that rulers ejected his ideas and he was killed.
Galileo told right. Similarly, Charles Darwin found him principle of natural
selection. He told the origin of human was apes that made religious people
angry much. The concept of cloning is also not easily acceptable rather
debatable. If someone raises the ideas of equal share between son and daughter
that is also not easily acceptable by people. But after long discussion and
time it can be slowly acceptable.
c. Should we allow Scientists to use
cloning to try to develop cures for specific disease for examples Alzheimer’s
disease? Write a letter to the editor of your local newspaper that states your
position on this subject.
Kirtipur,
Kathmandu
August 30,
2011
The Editor,
The Kathmandu post
Kathmandu Nepal
Dear Sir,
I would like to provide some ideas
about this debatable subject cloning with the help of your newspaper. Could you
please publish this article in your upcoming publication?
When the success of cloning came in
animals there is questions about whether it should be used to make human being
or not. There are both positive and negative aspects of cloning. If this system
is used in artificial reproductive system of is too bad. There is no value of
married life and physical relation between opposite sexes. Almost all people
will physically and mentally similar. There can’t be any extra skills and
talent in such production like broiler chickens. If all the people are like Mr.
X, there is no individual quality and identity. We can’t find the fitted people
for different skills and works. Practically, socially, culturally, personally
and mentally cloning in place of natural reproduction should be illegal and
banned.
On the other hand this new scientific
technology should be adopted in curing various diseases like Alzheimer’s
disease. Bone marrow transplantation, replacing damage parts of our body. For
the therapeutically purpose can be beneficial and should be applied. There can
be multiple advantageous uses of doing regarding diseases. Besides, to save the
going to be extinct animals, plant species etc. the cloning technology could be
used. For this purpose cloning may provide much advantages in fast production,
economic production and to some extent quality production. There are high
chances of correcting our damaged cells or parts replacing healthy ones by
cloning device. Scientific discoveries have reached to great extent that should
be properly and creatively utilized in disease and physical weaknesses
(deformity).
Thus I would like to inform to all
public via your media to have proper utilization of cloning in human being. If
it is aptly used, it is great boom if Science otherwise it will be curse if it
is being used in place of natural human reproductive process. We must be alert
before using cloning.
Yours sincerely
Ramesh Basnet
f) Should parents be allowed to
choose the genetic traits such as gender: eye color, or future of their unborn
child? How about personality traits, talents, or resistance to certain disease?
Write an essay that discusses how you feel about creating the “perfect
baby". What are the advantage and disadvantages?
The scientific technology “human
cloning" makes possible to choose physical qualities or characteristics
like eyes color gender, body size, etc. A person can be a father without
marriage but taking genes. Selecting such qualities there can be a perfect baby
made from genetically engineering system. Beautiful or ugly or handsome. etc
like qualities there can be a perfect baby made from genetically engineering
system. Beautiful or ugly or handsome, etc. Like qualities can be made from
cloning. Is it practical and possible to live healthy life with cloning
generation?
There can be many advantages and
disadvantages of cloning to make perfect baby. Though there is chance of making
physically perfect tall and handsome body but there is no guarantee of talent,
skills in it. There is a question of such product to adjust with new environment.
Just like a corn field there is almost similarities of beings who have almost
same level of ability and talent. Can we make Albert Einstein with same
capacity using cloning with his brain cells?
We can create a physically perfect
baby but not of mind. How can we expect extra talent and skills in such
identical products? Again, all persons can't be cloned because it is very
expensive work. We should adopt cloning in curing various diseases and to
preserve extinct animals and plants. In others physical transplantation cures
and preservation of extinct ones it is advantageous. On the other hand the
parents in pursuit of a perfect baby using cloning will bring many more
challenges and difficulties which are its disadvantages.
Grammar Section
a) Fill in the chart with the missing
forms of words.
S.N.
|
Noun
|
Verb
|
Adjective
|
Adverb
|
a.
|
1. ethicist
2. ethic
|
X
|
ethical
|
Ethical
|
b.
|
extinction
|
X
|
ethical
|
X
|
c.
|
immorality
|
X
|
immoral
|
immorally
|
d.
|
Justification
|
justify
|
justified
|
X
|
e
|
1. narcissism
2. narcissist
|
X
|
narcissistic
|
X
|
f.
|
Sterility
|
sterilize
|
sterile
|
X
|
g.
|
1. clone
2. cloning
|
clone
|
cloned
|
b) Complete the paragraph below using
the words from the list given.
Cloning species
Cut and dried implication
Ethically justifies
Extinction narcissism
Immoral repugnant
Many people consider …………1…….. A
child morally……………2…. . Wanting to create an exact duplicate of yourself is an
example of ………3……to them. On the other hand, many of same people argue that it
is ……4………
Acceptable to use cloning to find
cures for diseases. Supporters of therapeutic cloning believe that the need to
cure disease……5……. The
Use of stem cell research and
therapeutic cloning. The opponents of stem cell research maintain that cloning
for any reason is ……6……….. . For them, there is no debate; the issue is ……7…. .
The future ……8…… of therapeutic cloning frighten them. They argue that the
cloning of animals to prevent the complete……….. Of a ………………… is quite different
from cloning humans.
Answer:
1)cloning 2)repugnant 3)narcissism 4)ethically 5)justifies 6)immoral 7)cut and dried 8)implication 9)extinction 10)species
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c) Rewrite the following sentences
crossing out the incorrect underlined verbs replacing the correct once.
Some people feel that the scientific
experiments is (1) protected by the first Amendment to the United
States Constitution. This amendment protect (2) the right freedom
of speech. A legal scholar from the university of Chicago argue (3) that
this is a realistic constitutional claim. He maintain(4) that the
founding fathers were concerned with scientific and academic freedomand the
numbers of the Supreme court today is also has (5) a high regard
for it.
Arguments in favor of defending
research right by using the First Amendment is (6) complex. One
of the many legal scholars involved say (7) that raising
questions that challenges (8)andexplores (9)culture
norms are exactly the kind of research only if the study in question threatens
(10)national security or public health. While releasing smallpox into
the air to see how it spreads are (1) clearly a threat and could
be banned, conduction stem cell experiments do not (12)present a
clear danger to public health or security.
Answer
1.
Are. 2. Protects 3. Argues 4. Maintains 5. Have 6. Are 7. Says
8. Challenge 9. Explore 10. Threaten 11. Is
12. Does not
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